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The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (OP-CEDAW) is an international treaty which establishes complaint and inquiry mechanisms for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Parties to the Protocol allow the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to hear complaints from individuals or inquire into "grave or systematic violations" of the Convention. The Protocol has led to a number of decisions against member states on issues such as domestic violence, parental leave and forced sterilization, as well as an investigation into the systematic killing of women in the Mexican city of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The Protocol was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 6 October 1999, and in force from 22 December 2000. As of May 2015, the Protocol has 80 signatories and 106 parties.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women )〕 ==Genesis== In 1979, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cedaw.htm )〕 The Convention outlawed discrimination against women,〔CEDAW, Article 2.〕 but did not include any mechanism by which this prohibition could be legally enforced. An individual complaints mechanism was suggested during the original drafting of CEDAW, but was rejected at the time. Fifteen years later, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights suggested that new procedures were needed to implement the Convention, and suggested a "right of petition".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CEDAW: History of the Optional Protocol )〕 An independent expert group produced a draft in 1994, containing a complaint procedure and an inquiry procedure, and this was adopted for further study by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in early 1995. The idea of an Optional Protocol was further endorsed by the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, which called for "the elaboration (of) a draft optional protocol to the Women's Convention that could enter into force as soon as possible." In March 1996 the Commission on the Status of Women established an open-ended working group to produce a formal draft.〔 This reported back after three years of deliberation in early 1999. The Optional Protocol was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 6 October 1999.〔United Nations General Assembly Resolution 54/4, 6 October 1999.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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